S21B0118

We propose a continuation to use the Subaru IRD to determine precise masses (with a mass uncertainty less than 20%) of 20+ TESS-discovered candidate transiting planets (TESS Of Interests, TOIs) orbiting around relatively faint (10 <∼ J <∼ 13) mid-late M dwarfs (T_eff <∼ 3,500K). Our targets are widely distributed in the period-radius parameter space, including ultra-short period planets, planets in the radius valley, temperate planets, sub-Neptunes, a super-Neptune, and a potential giant planet or a brown dwarf. Precise mass measurements for a substantial number of diverse planets are of undisputed significance to test planet formation models around low-mass stars. In addition, precise mass measurements for high transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) planets are also essential for detailed atmospheric characterization with JWST and/or Ariel. Although our targets are relatively faint, thanks to the large telescope aperture and the AO-assist, we have confirmed the feasibility of this proposal based on the ongoing intensive program S20B-088I and the previous pilot program S19A-069I. Our program to measure the precise masses of 20+ planets in a wide range of planetary radii orbiting around mid-late M dwarfs would become a substantial contribution to the astronomical community.

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